North & Central America

United States: tax at a glance

It is one of only two countries that taxes its citizens on worldwide income no matter where they live, with federal tax layered on top of state and local tax.

Citizenship-based Last verified July 2026

The taxes

Personal income (top)
37%
Corporate income
21%
Capital gains
Long-term gains top out at 20%, plus a 3.8% net investment income tax, for a combined 23.8%. Short-term gains are taxed as ordinary income.
VAT / Sales tax, set at the state and local level, ~0–~10%.
None at the federal level.
Dividends (WHT)
30%
Interest (WHT)
30%, though portfolio interest is often exempt.
Royalties (WHT)
30%
Social security (employee)
7.65%, made up of 6.2% Social Security and 1.45% Medicare.
Social security (employer)
7.65%
Wealth tax
None
Inheritance / estate
The federal estate tax is 40% above a USD 15M exemption (2026). Some states levy their own on top of that.
Property tax
Local property tax runs ~0.3–2.2% of value, depending on the state and county.
Other
State income tax applies on top of this, and there is an additional 0.9% Medicare tax on wages over USD 200k.

How the system works

Tax system
Citizenship-based
Foreign income
Taxed (worldwide)
Taxes by citizenship
Yes
Exit tax
Yes, leaving has a cost
CFC rules
Yes
CRS
Not participating

The rates below are indicative headline figures (top marginal, standard, and headline rates), reviewed 2026-07. Brackets, surcharges, and state, provincial or cantonal taxes vary. Treat this as a reference map, not advice.

Sources (2)

Frequently asked

What is the income tax rate in United States?

The top marginal personal income tax rate in United States is 37%. The federal rate is progressive, topping out at 37% above ~USD 640k (single, 2026). State income tax comes on top of that, ranging from 0% in TX/FL/WA to ~13.3% in California.

What is the corporate tax rate in United States?

The headline corporate income tax rate is 21%.

Does United States tax capital gains?

Capital gains for individuals: Long-term gains top out at 20%, plus a 3.8% net investment income tax, for a combined 23.8%. Short-term gains are taxed as ordinary income..