Every programme, including the dead ones

431 residency, citizenship and tax-residency routes across 120 jurisdictions. We list programmes that have closed or been reformed alongside the live ones. Knowing what no longer exists is half of this decision.

Albania

Albania 0% to 2029

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–2 mo
Albania

Albania 1-Year US Stay

Digital nomad

Income requirement
Albania

Albania Unique Permit

Residency by investment

from €100k1–3 mo
Albania

Albania CBI

Citizenship by investment

Investment route
Andorra

Passive residency

Residency by investment

from €400k2–6 mo
Andorra

International projection residency

Business & founder

from €47.5k2–6 mo
Andorra

Active residency

Business & founder

from €50k3–8 mo
Andorra

Andorran citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence20 yr
Anguilla

Anguilla HVR

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa2–3 mo
Anguilla

Anguilla Select

Residency by investment

from $150k2–3 mo
Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $230k10–18 mo
Antigua and Barbuda

NDR

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–2 mo
Argentina

Naturalisation (2 years)

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence2–5 yr
Argentina

Argentina CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $500k
Argentina

Passive-Income Residency

Passive income

Income requirement3–9 mo
Argentina

Investor Residency

Business & founder

from 1.5M ARS6–18 mo
Armenia

Armenia Special Residence

Residency by investment

Investment route2–4 mo
Armenia

Armenia Company Residence

Business & founder

from 2M AMD1–4 mo
Australia

SIV

Residency by investment

from 5M AUD
Australia

NIV

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification6–24 mo
Australia

GTV

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification
Australia

Temporary Resident Concession

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Austria

Austria Citizenship by Merit

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence1–3 yr
Austria

Austria Private Means Permit

Passive income

Income requirement3–12 mo
Austria

Red-White-Red Card

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification2–6 mo
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan Investment Residence

Residency by investment

from 100k AZN1 mo
Bahrain

Bahrain Golden Residency

Residency by investment

from 130k BHD1–3 mo
Barbados

SERP

Residency by investment

from $300k3–12 mo
Barbados

Welcome Stamp

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–2 mo
Belarus

Belarus Investor Residence

Residency by investment

from 675k BYN3–9 mo
Belarus

Belarus Business Residence

Business & founder

Investment route1–3 mo
Belarus

Belarus HTP

Freeport & special zone

Investment route2–6 mo
Belarus

Belarus Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence1–2 yr
Belgium

Belgian CGT

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Belgium

Belgian inpatriate regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
Bermuda

Bermuda EIRC

Residency by investment

from $2.5M3–9 mo
Botswana

Botswana Work Permit

Business & founder

Investment route2–6 mo
Botswana

Botswana CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $75k
Botswana

Dual Citizenship Reform

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence11–15 yr
Botswana

Botswana IFSC

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–12 mo
Brazil

Investor Visa (Company)

Residency by investment

from 500k BRL3–9 mo
Brazil

Investor Visa (Property)

Residency by investment

from 700k BRL3–9 mo
Brazil

Retirement Visa

Retirement

Pension requirement2–6 mo
Brazil

Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence1–3 yr
Brazil

Brazil Tax Regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
British Virgin Islands

BVI Residence

Passive income

Income requirement2–6 mo
Bulgaria

Bulgaria CBI

Citizenship by investment

from €1M
Bulgaria

Bulgaria RBI

Residency by investment

from €256k6–8 mo
Bulgaria

Bulgarian Origin Route

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–2 yr
Bulgaria

Bulgaria Digital Nomad Permit

Digital nomad

Income requirement2–4 mo
Bulgaria

Bulgaria 10% Flat Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Bulgaria

Schengen & Euro Status

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Cabo Verde

Green Card

Residency by investment

from €80k
Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde DNV

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–3 mo
Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde CBI

Citizenship by investment

from €200k
Canada

SUV

Business & founder

from 200k CAD3.1–10 yr
Canada

High Impact Pilot

Business & founder

Investment route
Canada

QIIP

Residency by investment

from 1.2M CAD2–4 yr
Canada

Québec Entrepreneur

Business & founder

from 200k CAD2–4 yr
Canada

PNP

Business & founder

from 200k CAD1–3 yr
Canada

Self-Employed

Business & founder

Investment route
Canada

Federal IIP

Residency by investment

from 800k CAD
Canada

Departure tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Cayman Islands

Cayman CoPR

Residency by investment

from $2M4–12 mo
Cayman Islands

Cayman 25-Year RCIM

Residency by investment

from $1.2M3–9 mo
Cayman Islands

Cayman CDI

Business & founder

from $1.2M4–12 mo
Cayman Islands

GCCP

Digital nomad

Income requirement
Chile

Investor Visa

Residency by investment

from $500k4–12 mo
Chile

Passive-Income Residency

Passive income

Income requirement4–12 mo
Chile

3-Year Tax Shield

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
China

China PR

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification6–18 mo
China

K Visa

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–3 mo
Colombia

M Investor (Property)

Residency by investment

from 612.8M COP1–3 mo
Colombia

M Investor (Company)

Business & founder

from 175.1M COP1–3 mo
Colombia

R Visa

Residency by investment

from 1138.1M COP1–4 mo
Colombia

Digital Nomad Visa

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–2 mo
Colombia

Colombia Tax Regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Cook Islands

Cook Islands PR

Residency by investment

Investment route10–20 yr
Costa Rica

Investor Residency

Residency by investment

from $150k8–24 mo
Costa Rica

Passive-Income Residency

Passive income

Income requirement8–24 mo
Costa Rica

Pensioner Residency

Retirement

Pension requirement8–24 mo
Costa Rica

Territorial Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–6 mo
Croatia

Croatia Digital Nomad Permit

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–3 mo
Croatia

Croatian Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–3 yr
Croatia

Croatia Business Residence

Business & founder

from €26.5k2–6 mo
Croatia

Croatian Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence8–12 yr
Curaçao

Investor Permit

Residency by investment

from $280k3–6 mo
Cyprus

Cyprus CBI

Citizenship by investment

from €2M6–8 mo
Cyprus

Cyprus PR by Investment

Residency by investment

from €300k2–6 mo
Cyprus

Category F

Passive income

Income requirement5–7 yr
Cyprus

Cyprus Non-Dom

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Cyprus

60-Day Rule

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Cyprus

Cyprus IP Box

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Cyprus

Cyprus Pink Slip

Passive income

Income requirement1–4 mo
Czechia

Czech Tax Regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–5 yr
Czechia

Czech Citizenship by Declaration

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry6–18 mo
Czechia

Czech Investment Residence

Residency by investment

from 75M CZK3–9 mo
Czechia

Czech Digital Nomad Visa

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–2 mo
Czechia

Czech Zivno Visa

Business & founder

from 156.5k CZK2–3 mo
Denmark

Forskerordningen

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
Denmark

Pay Limit Scheme

Employment

By employment1–3 mo
Denmark

Start-up Denmark

Business & founder

Investment route3–8 mo
Denmark

Danish Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence9–12 yr
Denmark

Top-Top Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Dominica

Dominica CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $200k4–18 mo
Egypt

Egypt CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $250k3–12 mo
Egypt

Egypt Property Residency

Residency by investment

from $50k2–6 mo
Egypt

Deposit Residency

Residency by investment

from $391k
Estonia

e-Residency

Business & founder

from €1501–3 mo
Estonia

DNV

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–2 mo
Estonia

Start-up Visa

Business & founder

from €801–4 mo
Estonia

Business Residence Permit

Business & founder

from €65k3–5 mo
Estonia

Estonian Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence8–10 yr
Estonia

0% Retained Earnings

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Fiji

Fiji Investor Permit

Business & founder

from 250k FJD3–9 mo
Fiji

Assured Income

Retirement

Pension requirement1–3 mo
Finland

Key Employee Regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Finland

Specialist / Blue Card

Employment

By employment0.5–2 mo
Finland

Finnish Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence5–10 yr
Finland

Inheritance Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
France

Talent Passport

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification2–6 mo
France

Talent-Business Investor

Residency by investment

from €300k3–9 mo
France

Impatriate regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
France

Exit tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
France

France — French Tech Visa (Founders)

Business & founder

Investment route2–6 mo
Georgia

HNWI Tax Residency

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
Georgia

Georgia Investment Residence

Residency by investment

from $150k1–3 mo
Georgia

1% Small Business Status

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1 mo
Georgia

365-Day Visa-Free

Digital nomad

Income requirement
Georgia

Georgian Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence10–15 yr
Germany

German exit tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Germany

German naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence5–8 yr
Germany

§21 self-employment

Business & founder

Investment route3–9 mo
Germany

Blue Card

Employment

By employment1–4 mo
Germany

Opportunity Card

Employment

By employment1–3 mo
Ghana

Right of Abode

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry6–24 mo
Ghana

GIPC Investor

Business & founder

from $200k3–12 mo
Gibraltar

Category 2

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–4 mo
Gibraltar

HEPSS

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–4 mo
Greece

Greece Golden Visa

Residency by investment

from €250k3–12 mo
Greece

Greece EUR 100k Flat Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa2–6 mo
Greece

Greece 7% Pensioner Regime

Retirement

Pension requirement2–6 mo
Greece

Greece DNV

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–3 mo
Grenada

Grenada CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $235k4–9 mo
Hong Kong

New CIES

Residency by investment

from 30M HKD6–12 mo
Hong Kong

Old CIES

Residency by investment

from 10M HKD
Hong Kong

TTPS

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–2 mo
Hong Kong

QMAS

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification4–12 mo
Hungary

Guest Investor Programme / "white card"

Residency by investment

from €250k4–10 mo
Hungary

Residency Bond Programme

Residency by investment

from €300k1–3 mo
Hungary

Simplified Naturalisation

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry8–24 mo
Hungary

White Card (Feher Kartya)

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–3 mo
Hungary

15% Flat Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Iceland

Remote Work Visa

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–2 mo
Iceland

Foreign Expert Incentive

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
Iceland

Icelandic Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence8–9 yr
India

OCI

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry2–8 mo
Indonesia

Golden Visa

Residency by investment

from $350k1–4 mo
Indonesia

Second Home

Passive income

Income requirement1–3 mo
Ireland

Irish non-dom

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Ireland

Domicile levy

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Ireland

IIP

Residency by investment

from €400k
Ireland

FBR

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry9–18 mo
Ireland

Stamp 0

Passive income

Income requirement4–8 mo
Ireland

Irish naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence1–2.5 yr
Israel

Aliyah

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry3–12 mo
Israel

Oleh 10-Year Exemption

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Israel

2026 Oleh Israeli-Income Exemption

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Italy

Italy Flat Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Italy

Jure Sanguinis

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–3 yr
Italy

Italy Investor Visa

Residency by investment

from €250k3–6 mo
Italy

Italy 7% Pensioner Regime

Retirement

Pension requirement
Italy

Impatriate Regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Italy

ERV

Passive income

Income requirement2–6 mo
Japan

Inheritance tax trap

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Japan

Business Manager

Business & founder

from 30M JPY2–6 mo
Japan

HSP

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–3 mo
Japan

J-Skip

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–3 mo
Japan

J-Find

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–3 mo
Jordan

Jordan CBI

Citizenship by investment

from 350k JOD3–4 yr
Jordan

Jordan CBI (Passive)

Citizenship by investment

from $1M
Jordan

Jordan Property Residency

Residency by investment

from 150k JOD2–6 mo
Kazakhstan

AIFC ITRP

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa2–4 mo
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan Golden Visa

Residency by investment

from $300k1–3 mo
Kenya

Class K

Passive income

Income requirement3–12 mo
Kenya

Class G

Business & founder

from $100k3–12 mo
Kuwait

Kuwait Investor Residency

Business & founder

from $5M1–6 mo
Kyrgyzstan

Four-party agreement

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence6–18 mo
Kyrgyzstan

Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence5–7 yr
Kyrgyzstan

Article 14 simplified

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry6–18 mo
Kyrgyzstan

Kairylman

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry3–12 mo
Kyrgyzstan

Temporary residence

Business & founder

Investment route1–3 mo
Kyrgyzstan

Permanent residence

Passive income

Income requirement2–6 mo
Kyrgyzstan

Digital nomad

Digital nomad

Income requirement
Kyrgyzstan

EAEU labour

Employment

By employment
Kyrgyzstan

HTP

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
Kyrgyzstan

Tax residence

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa6–12 mo
Latvia

Latvia RBI — Real Estate

Residency by investment

from €250k1–3 mo
Latvia

Latvia RBI — Subordinated Capital

Residency by investment

from €280k1–3 mo
Latvia

Latvia RBI — Share Capital

Residency by investment

from €50k1–3 mo
Latvia

Latvia RBI — Government Bonds

Residency by investment

from €250k1–3 mo
Latvia

Latvia AIF Route

Residency by investment

from €150k
Latvia

Latvia Startup Visa

Business & founder

Investment route1–4 mo
Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein Residence Lottery

Passive income

Income requirement6–120 mo
Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein Special Interest Permit

Business & founder

Investment route6–24 mo
Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence10–30 yr
Lithuania

Citizenship Restoration

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry6–24 mo
Lithuania

Lithuania Business Residence

Business & founder

from €28k2–6 mo
Lithuania

Startup Visa

Business & founder

from €12k2–5 mo
Lithuania

Blue Card

Employment

By employment1–3 mo
Luxembourg

Luxembourg Investor Visa

Residency by investment

from €500k6–12 mo
Luxembourg

Luxembourg 1900 Ancestry Route

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry
Luxembourg

Luxembourg Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence5–7 yr
Malaysia

MM2H

Passive income

Income requirement4–12 mo
Malaysia

Old MM2H

Passive income

Income requirement
Malaysia

PVIP

Residency by investment

from 200k MYR3–8 mo
Malaysia

S-MM2H

Passive income

Income requirement2–6 mo
Malta

MEIN

Citizenship by investment

from €600k1–3 yr
Malta

Citizenship by Merit

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence1–2 yr
Malta

MPRP

Residency by investment

from €375k6–12 mo
Malta

GRP

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–6 mo
Malta

Nomad Permit

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–3 mo
Malta

Malta Non-Dom

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Mauritius

Investor OP

Residency by investment

from $50k1–4 mo
Mauritius

Golden Visa

Residency by investment

from $1M
Mauritius

Property Residence Permit

Residency by investment

from $375k2–6 mo
Mauritius

Premium Visa

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–2 mo
Mauritius

Retired Non-Citizen Permit

Retirement

Pension requirement1–3 mo
Mauritius

PRP

Residency by investment

from $375k2–6 mo
Mauritius

Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence1–3 yr
Mauritius

Family OP

Residency by investment

from $250k
Mauritius

Mauritius CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $1M
Mexico

Temporary Residency

Passive income

Income requirement1–3 mo
Mexico

Permanent Residency

Retirement

Pension requirement1–3 mo
Mexico

Mexico tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Moldova

Moldova CBI

Citizenship by investment

Investment route
Moldova

Moldova Investor Residence

Residency by investment

from €26k1–3 mo
Moldova

Moldova IT Park 7%

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–2 mo
Monaco

Monaco Residency

Residency by investment

from €500k2–8 mo
Monaco

Monaco Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence10–50 yr
Montenegro

Montenegro CBI

Citizenship by investment

Investment route
Montenegro

Montenegro Property Residence

Residency by investment

from €150k1–3 mo
Montenegro

Montenegro Company Route

Business & founder

from €11–3 mo
Morocco

Morocco Retiree Residency

Retirement

Pension requirement2–6 mo
Morocco

CFC

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–9 mo
Morocco

Tangier Offshore

Freeport & special zone

Investment route
Namibia

Employment Permit

Employment

By employment2–4 mo
Namibia

Namibia DNV

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–3 mo
Namibia

Namibia PR

Residency by investment

Investment route1.5–5 yr
Nauru

ECRCP

Citizenship by investment

from $90k3–5 mo
Netherlands

30% ruling

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–4 mo
Netherlands

DAFT

Business & founder

from €4.5k1–3 mo
New Zealand

AIP

Residency by investment

from 5M NZD6–15 mo
New Zealand

Transitional Residency

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
New Zealand

Investor 1 / Investor 2

Residency by investment

from 3M NZD
Nigeria

Nigeria Investor Visa

Residency by investment

from $250k
Nigeria

Nigeria Tax Reform

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
North Macedonia

North Macedonia CBI

Citizenship by investment

from €200k
North Macedonia

North Macedonia Business Residence

Business & founder

Investment route1–3 mo
Norway

Norwegian Exit Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Norway

Wealth Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Norway

Skilled Worker

Employment

By employment1–4 mo
Oman

Oman Golden Visa

Residency by investment

from 250k OMR1–3 mo
Oman

Oman PIT 2028

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1.5 yr
Palau

Palau ID

Digital nomad

Income requirement
Palau

Palau FIB Route

Business & founder

Investment route3–12 mo
Panama

Qualified Investor Visa

Residency by investment

from $300k1–3 mo
Panama

Friendly Nations

Residency by investment

from $200k1–2.5 yr
Panama

Pensioner Visa

Retirement

Pension requirement3–6 mo
Panama

Reforestation Visa

Residency by investment

from $100k4–8 mo
Panama

Territorial Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–6 mo
Paraguay

Investor Pass

Residency by investment

from $70k2–6 mo
Paraguay

Permanent Residency

Residency by investment

Investment route1–2.5 yr
Paraguay

Territorial Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–4 mo
Paraguay

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence3–5 yr
Peru

Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence2–3 yr
Peru

Investor Residency

Residency by investment

from $135k3–8 mo
Philippines

SRRV

Retirement

Pension requirement1–4 mo
Poland

Polish Lump-Sum Regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Poland

Karta Polaka

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry3–12 mo
Poland

Polish Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–3 yr
Poland

Poland Business Residence

Business & founder

Investment route3–12 mo
Poland

PBH

Business & founder

Investment route
Poland

Polish Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence6–24 mo
Portugal

Golden Visa

Residency by investment

from €250k1.5–3.3 yr
Portugal

Golden Visa (real estate)

Residency by investment

from €350k
Portugal

D7

Passive income

Income requirement4–14 mo
Portugal

D8

Digital nomad

Income requirement4–14 mo
Portugal

IFICI / NHR 2.0

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–6 mo
Portugal

Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence1–3 yr
Portugal

Citizenship by descent

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–3 yr
Portugal

Sephardic route

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry
Puerto Rico

Act 60 (Ch. 2)

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa2–6 mo
Puerto Rico

Act 60 (Ch. 3)

Business & founder

Investment route2–6 mo
Puerto Rico

Act 22

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Qatar

Qatar PR

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence20 yr
Qatar

Qatar Property Residency

Residency by investment

from 730k QAR1–2 mo
Qatar

Qatar Entrepreneur/Executive

Business & founder

from 250k QAR2–6 mo
Romania

Romanian Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry2.5–4 yr
Romania

Romania Investor Route

Residency by investment

from €1M3–9 mo
Romania

Romania Golden Visa (proposed)

Residency by investment

from €400k
Romania

Romania Digital Nomad Visa

Digital nomad

Income requirement2–5 mo
Romania

Romania Tax Regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Romania

Schengen & Euro Status

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Russia

Russia Investor Residence

Residency by investment

from 15M RUB4–12 mo
Russia

Russia ВКС

Employment

By employment1–3 mo
Russia

Decree 702 Visa

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification2–8 mo
Russia

Decree 883

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification2–9 mo
Russia

Russia Ancestry Route

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–2.5 yr
Russia

Russia Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence6–8 yr
Russia

Russia SAR / МХК

Freeport & special zone

from 300M RUB4–12 mo
Russia

Russia Tax Position

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Rwanda

Rwanda HNWI PR

Residency by investment

from $500k
Rwanda

KIFC

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–12 mo
Saint Lucia

St Lucia CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $240k1–2.2 yr
Samoa

Samoa CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $4M
San Marino

San Marino 7% Flat Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–9 mo
San Marino

San Marino Elective Residence

Residency by investment

from €500k4–12 mo
San Marino

San Marino Economic Residence

Business & founder

from €75k4–12 mo
Sao Tome and Principe

STP CBI

Residency by investment

from $90k1–6 mo
Saudi Arabia

Premium Residency (General)

Residency by investment

from 100k SAR1–3 mo
Saudi Arabia

Premium Residency (Investor)

Business & founder

from 400k SAR2–4 mo
Saudi Arabia

Premium Residency (Property)

Residency by investment

from 4M SAR2–4 mo
Saudi Arabia

Premium Residency (Talent)

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–2 mo
Saudi Arabia

Saudi Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Saudi Arabia

Saudi Iqama (Standard)

Employment

By employment1–3 mo
Serbia

Serbia Property Residence

Residency by investment

Investment route1–2 mo
Serbia

Serbia Company Route

Business & founder

Investment route1–2 mo
Serbia

Serbia DNV

Digital nomad

Income requirement
Seychelles

Residence Permit

Residency by investment

from 150k SCR2–9 mo
Seychelles

Seychelles PR

Residency by investment

from $1M6–24 mo
Seychelles

GOP

Employment

By employment1–3 mo
Seychelles

Seychelles CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $1M
Singapore

GIP

Residency by investment

from 10M SGD9–18 mo
Singapore

ONE Pass

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–2 mo
Singapore

EntrePass

Business & founder

from 100k SGD2–4 mo
Singapore

Employment Pass

Employment

By employment1–2 mo
Singapore

13O / 13U

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–9 mo
Slovakia

Slovak Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–2.5 yr
Slovakia

Slovakia Business Residence

Business & founder

from €3.4k3–6 mo
Slovakia

Slovak Dual Citizenship Rules

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Slovakia

Slovak Investor Route (unverified)

Residency by investment

Investment route
Slovenia

Slovenia Digital Nomad Permit

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–3 mo
Slovenia

Slovenia Business Residence

Business & founder

from €7.5k6–12 mo
Slovenia

Slovene Descent Route

Citizenship by descent

By ancestry1–3 yr
Slovenia

Slovenian Naturalisation

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence10–13 yr
South Africa

FIP

Passive income

Income requirement1–2 yr
South Africa

Retired Person Visa

Retirement

Pension requirement3–24 mo
South Africa

Business Visa

Business & founder

from 5M ZAR8–30 mo
South Africa

Digital Nomad Visa

Digital nomad

Income requirement2–8 mo
South Africa

Financial Emigration

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–12 mo
South Africa

Critical Skills Visa

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification4–18 mo
South Korea

Korea Investor Visa

Residency by investment

from 1500M KRW4–12 mo
South Korea

D-8

Business & founder

from 100M KRW2–5 mo
Spain

Golden Visa

Residency by investment

from €500k
Spain

Beckham Law

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
Spain

Digital Nomad Visa

Digital nomad

Income requirement1–6 mo
Spain

Non-Lucrative Visa

Passive income

Income requirement2–6 mo
Spain

Entrepreneur Visa

Business & founder

Investment route3–9 mo
Spain

Solidarity Tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
St Kitts and Nevis

SKN CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $250k3–8 mo
Sweden

Swedish Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence2–4 yr
Sweden

Work Permit

Employment

By employment1–12 mo
Sweden

Expertskatt

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–4 mo
Sweden

ISK

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Switzerland

Lump-Sum Taxation (Forfait Fiscal)

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa2–8 mo
Switzerland

B Permit — Cantonal Fiscal Interest

Residency by investment

from 435k CHF6–18 mo
Switzerland

EU/EFTA Non-Employed B Permit

Passive income

Income requirement1–3 mo
Switzerland

Swiss Retiree Permit

Retirement

Pension requirement3–12 mo
Taiwan

Gold Card

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–3 mo
Tanzania

Zanzibar Property Permit

Residency by investment

from $100k2–9 mo
Tanzania

TISEZA Investor

Business & founder

from $500k3–12 mo
Thailand

Remittance rule

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Thailand

LTR Wealthy Global Citizen

Residency by investment

from $1M2–5 mo
Thailand

LTR (other categories)

Passive income

Income requirement2–5 mo
Thailand

Thailand Privilege

Retirement

Pension requirement1–3 mo
The Bahamas

Bahamas EPR

Residency by investment

from $1M6–18 mo
The Bahamas

Annual Permit

Passive income

Income requirement1–4 mo
The Bahamas

Homeowner's Card

Residency by investment

from $250k1–3 mo
Tonga

Tonga CBI (proposed)

Citizenship by investment

from $190k
Tunisia

Tunisia Investor Residency

Business & founder

Investment route3–12 mo
Tunisia

Tunisia Offshore

Freeport & special zone

Investment route
Türkiye

Turkish CBI

Citizenship by investment

from $400k4–12 mo
Türkiye

Article 20/D Exemption

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–6 mo
Türkiye

Property Ikamet

Residency by investment

from $200k1–4 mo
Türkiye

Türkiye Work Permit

Employment

By employment1–3 mo
Turks and Caicos Islands

TCI PRC

Residency by investment

from $300k3–9 mo
United Arab Emirates

Golden Visa (Investment)

Residency by investment

from 2M AED1–3 mo
United Arab Emirates

Golden Visa (Property)

Residency by investment

from 2M AED1–3 mo
United Arab Emirates

Golden Visa (Entrepreneur)

Business & founder

from 500k AED2–6 mo
United Arab Emirates

Golden Visa (Talent)

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–4 mo
United Arab Emirates

Golden Visa (Nomination)

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification2–8 mo
United Arab Emirates

Green Visa

Business & founder

from 360k AED1–2 mo
United Arab Emirates

9% CT / 0% Free Zone

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
United Arab Emirates

UAE Tax Residency

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–2 mo
United Arab Emirates

UAE Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
United Arab Emirates

UAE Retirement Visa

Retirement

Pension requirement1–2 mo
United Arab Emirates

UAE Remote Work

Digital nomad

Income requirement
United Arab Emirates

Freelance Permit + Visa

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification0.25–1 mo
United Kingdom

FIG regime

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
United Kingdom

TRF

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
United Kingdom

Residence-based IHT

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa10–20 yr
United Kingdom

OWR

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
United Kingdom

Tier 1 Investor

Residency by investment

from £2M
United Kingdom

Invite-only investor visa

Residency by investment

from £5M
United Kingdom

Innovator Founder

Business & founder

from £1.4k3–9 mo
United Kingdom

Global Talent

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–6 mo
United Kingdom

HPI

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–2 mo
United Kingdom

ILR / Earned Settlement

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence3–10 yr
United Kingdom

Departure wave

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
United States

EB-5

Residency by investment

from $800k1–5.1 yr
United States

Gold Card

Residency by investment

from $1M1–12 mo
United States

Platinum Card

Residency by investment

from $5M
United States

E-2

Business & founder

from $150k2–8 mo
United States

L-1

Employment

By employment1–8 mo
United States

O-1

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–6 mo
United States

EB-1A

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification8–60 mo
United States

EB-1C

Employment

By employment1–5 yr
United States

EB-2 NIW

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–10 yr
United States

Exit tax / §877A

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa3–24 mo
United States

US estate tax

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa
Uruguay

Uruguay Tax Holiday

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–12 mo
Uruguay

Legal Residency

Passive income

Income requirement6–24 mo
Uruguay

Legal Citizenship

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence3–5 yr
Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan UP-180

Tax regime

Tax regime, not a visa1–3 mo
Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan Property Residence

Residency by investment

from $100k2–4 mo
Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan IT Park

Business & founder

from $10k1–3 mo
Vanuatu

DSP

Citizenship by investment

from $130k1–4 mo
Vanuatu

Vanuatu Residency

Residency by investment

from $100k2–6 mo
Vietnam

Golden Visa

Residency by investment

Investment route
Vietnam

Vietnam Talent Visa

Talent & extraordinary ability

By qualification1–3 mo
Afghanistan

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Albania

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Algeria

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Angola

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Anguilla

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Antigua and Barbuda

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Armenia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Aruba

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Australia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Azerbaijan

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Bahrain

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Bangladesh

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Barbados

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Belgium

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Belize

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Benin

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Bermuda

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Bhutan

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Bolivia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
British Virgin Islands

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Brunei

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Bulgaria

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Burkina Faso

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Burundi

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Cabo Verde

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Cambodia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Cameroon

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Canada

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Cayman Islands

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Central African Republic

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Chad

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Chile

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
China

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Colombia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Comoros

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Cook Islands

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Costa Rica

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Cuba

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Curaçao

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Cyprus

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Czechia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Djibouti

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Dominica

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Dominican Republic

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Ecuador

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Egypt

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
El Salvador

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Equatorial Guinea

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Eritrea

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Eswatini

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Ethiopia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Fiji

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
France

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Gabon

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Gambia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Ghana

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Gibraltar

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Greece

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Grenada

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Guatemala

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Guinea

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Guinea-Bissau

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Guyana

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Haiti

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Honduras

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Hong Kong

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Hungary

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
India

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Indonesia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Iran

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Iraq

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Israel

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Italy

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Ivory Coast

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Jamaica

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Japan

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Jordan

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Kazakhstan

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Kenya

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Kiribati

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Kosovo

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Kuwait

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Laos

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Latvia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Lebanon

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Lesotho

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Liberia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Libya

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Lithuania

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Macau

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Madagascar

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Malawi

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Malaysia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Maldives

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Mali

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Marshall Islands

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Mauritania

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Mexico

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Micronesia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Moldova

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Mongolia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Montenegro

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Morocco

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Mozambique

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Myanmar

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Namibia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Nauru

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Nepal

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Netherlands

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
New Zealand

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Nicaragua

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Niger

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Nigeria

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
North Korea

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
North Macedonia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Norway

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Oman

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Pakistan

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Palau

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Palestine

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Panama

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Papua New Guinea

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Philippines

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Puerto Rico

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Republic of the Congo

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Romania

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Rwanda

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Saint Lucia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Samoa

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
San Marino

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Sao Tome and Principe

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Senegal

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Serbia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Seychelles

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Sierra Leone

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Singapore

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Solomon Islands

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Somalia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
South Africa

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
South Korea

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
South Sudan

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Spain

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Sri Lanka

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
St Kitts and Nevis

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
St Vincent and the Grenadines

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Sudan

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Suriname

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Switzerland

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Syria

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Taiwan

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Tajikistan

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Tanzania

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Thailand

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
The Bahamas

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Timor-Leste

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Togo

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Tonga

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Trinidad and Tobago

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Tunisia

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Turkey

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Turkmenistan

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Turks and Caicos Islands

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Tuvalu

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Uganda

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Ukraine

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
United States

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Uzbekistan

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Vanuatu

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Vatican City

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Venezuela

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Vietnam

Citizenship, fully managed

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Yemen

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Zambia

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence
Zimbabwe

Country overview

Citizenship by naturalisation

By residence

Not sure which of these applies to you?

The right answer depends on your citizenship, your tax exposure and where your family actually wants to wake up. That is a conversation, not a filter.

Book a consultation