Türkiye

Yes, it is open. Citizenship is granted under the exceptional procedure in Article 12/b of Turkish Citizenship Law No. 5901. The thresholds have not moved since the June 2022 rise from USD 250,000 to USD 400,000. The Presidency's Investment Office reconfirmed them through 2026. The industry widely expects an increase to USD 500,000–600,000, but as of mid-2026 no draft has been gazetted, so this is speculation rather than a scheduled change. Note that the YUVAM foreign-currency deposit route was withdrawn in 2025, so that particular option is gone.

No. There is no residence, language or interview requirement for the main investor, either before or after the grant. That is what makes the programme fast. The one wrinkle is that since the 2024 procedural changes, the spouse must hold a residence permit as part of the file. So the family sets foot in Türkiye for biometrics and paperwork, but nobody has to relocate.

No, and any adviser telling you otherwise is either uninformed or misleading you. Public Law 117-263, signed 23 December 2022, amended INA 101(a)(15)(E) to require that anyone who acquired treaty-country nationality by investment must have been domiciled in that country for a continuous period of at least three years before applying for an E-1 or E-2 visa. A Turkish CBI passport therefore confers no immediate E-2 eligibility. The three years must be real domicile, not merely holding the document. Those three years can fall at any point before the application, and people who became Turkish by birth, descent or marriage, or who already held E status, are exempt from the rule.

This exemption applies only to genuinely foreign-source income, and only for a defined class of newcomers. Article 20/D of the Income Tax Law, introduced by Law No. 7582 and published in the Official Gazette on 4 June 2026, covers individuals who become Turkish tax resident from 1 January 2026. To qualify, you must have had no Turkish domicile or full tax liability in the prior three calendar years. Those who qualify get a 20-year exemption on foreign-source income, plus a 1% inheritance rate. Salary for work done in Türkiye is a different matter. So is rent on Turkish property, dividends from Turkish companies and gains on Turkish-listed shares. All of that counts as Turkish-source income and is taxable at up to 40%. There are no deductions and no foreign tax credits against the exempt income. So if your foreign income is already taxed at source, the exemption gives you nothing.

Yes, if it was obtained on false information. Revocation can reach dependants too. On 28 September 2025 the Interior Ministry announced the dismantling of an Istanbul-centred network running sham CBI property deals, built on inflated appraisals and cash-back arrangements. 106 people were arrested across 19 provinces, and revocation proceedings were opened against 451 foreign investors and their families. Fraud has resurfaced into 2026 despite the crackdown. The practical lesson is to insist on a clean, arm's-length transaction with a genuine appraisal. The cash-back schemes some agents offer are exactly what triggers retroactive revocation.

No, and families buying Turkish citizenship for European mobility are buying the wrong product. On the Henley Passport Index of January 2026, the passport reaches roughly 114 destinations, around rank 51. Critically, it excludes the Schengen area, the United Kingdom and the United States. It is a mid-tier travel document, useful for neutrality and broad acceptance, but not for European access. If Schengen mobility is the goal, a Balkan or EU-track jurisdiction is the sensible comparison, not Türkiye.

Yes. Türkiye permits dual citizenship, so acquiring the Turkish passport does not require you to renounce your existing nationality. Be aware, though, that a Turkish passport does not by itself make you Turkish tax resident. It does not shield you from CRS either. Türkiye exchanges information on the basis of tax residency, not nationality. Holding the passport while remaining tax resident elsewhere is entirely normal and lawful.

Both risks are real. Much of the stock marketed to CBI buyers is priced to the USD 400,000 threshold rather than to the market. The mandatory appraisal confirms the floor is met, but it does not protect you from a 20–40% foreigner premium. You only discover the true value at the three-year exit, and by then you are selling into a market where every other seller is a CBI investor whose lock has just expired. Separately, funds must enter the Turkish banking system and convert to lira against a Foreign Exchange Purchase Certificate, known as a DAB. Persistent lira depreciation can erode real value even while the dollar figure holds on paper. Turkish banks now apply heavy source-of-funds review, and capital arriving through intermediaries without a clean audit trail may not produce a DAB at all.

Yes. The property residence permit, known as the ikamet, falls under Law No. 6458, Article 31/1-f. Since 16 October 2023, it has required a residential property with a title-deed value of at least USD 200,000, half the CBI threshold. A family that takes this route, lives in Türkiye for three years and naturalises by residence after five is not caught by the E-2 investment-nationality restriction at all. Their citizenship comes from residence rather than investment. The binding constraint is district closures. Since 1 July 2022, the Interior Ministry has closed neighbourhoods (mahalle) to new foreign registration once foreigners exceed 20% of residents. This shuts out much of desirable Istanbul, Antalya and Alanya, so verify the mahalle is open before you exchange.